The English word "church." Its New Testament meaning. Calling of the disciples. Constitution of the first church. Names of the members. Had they been baptized? The first meeting of the church.
Before proceeding further it will be necessary to examine into the meaning of the word "church." This word has come to be used in such a broad sense that it takes in and is applied to any religious organization, or society, whether a Scriptural church or not.By some writers it is made to "include the entire body of professed Christians." By others it means "the spiritual congregation, or aggregate of the regenerate, including the saints in heaven, the saints on earth and the saints yet to come." The general usage of the word at present justifies both of these definitions, but its Scriptural use does not, nor was the word so used in the time of Christ and his apostles.
In fact the word church is not found in the Greek New Testament, nor was it used for some two hundred years after the New Testament was written. This is one of the words which was not translated by King James' translators, but "kept" under his third rule which required all the old ecclesiastical words to be "kept"* and not translated. (See History of English Bible Translation, page 433.)
The English reader is, therefore, misled and looks in vain for such an organization in the Gospels, except when referred to by Christ himself in the 16th and 18th chapters of Matthew.
Dr. William Smith says the derivation of the English word church is uncertain, and that its first signification was the place of assembly, and afterwards imparted its name to the body of worshippers. It was most probably derived from the word kirk which signified a house of worship. The Greek New Testament nowhere conveys such an idea.
Where the word church occurs in the English New Testament we always find ekklesia in the Greek. The church of Christ, then, is Christ's ekklesia. He said, "Upon this rock I will build my ekklesia," and "tell it unto the ekklesia." Hence if we would find Christ's church, we have only to find his "ekklesia," for it is one and the same thing.
We will, therefore, examine the Scriptural use of this word. Ekklesia is a compound from the preposition ek, which means from or out of, and the word kaleo, which means to call, or to call together. Hence we have the word ekklesia which conveys not only the idea to call out from, as to select from a number of individuals, but also to convene together, for a purpose. "The original Greek means a congregation, or assembly, good or bad." - (Dr. A. Clarke.) Both ideas, the calling out and the convening together, are always conveyed by this word ekklesia.
It follows then, without the possibility of a mistake, that Christ's ekklesia and Christ's church were one and the same thing, and that having found his ekklesia we have found his church.
Soon after the temptations of Christ, and after he had entered upon his public ministry, he "was walking by the sea of Galilee when he saw two brethren, Simon, called Peter, and Andrew, his brother, casting a net into the sea, for they were fishers, and he said unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men. And they straightway left their net and followed him. And going on from thence, he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets, and he called them, and they immediately left the ship and their father, and followed him." - Matthew 4:18-22; Mark 1:16-19. Here we find the first ekklesia. The circumstances of the calling comply fully with the conditions of the word ek-kaleo. Christ not only called these disciples, but he called them out from among the other disciples whom John had made, (see Luke 6:13,) and consequently called or convened them together. Thus is the idea of assembly carried out, which is always conveyed by the word ekklesia.
It will hardly be objected that these four were not a sufficient number to constitute a church, for the conditions of the word were fully complied with. We are told, however, that on the following day the Saviour called Philip. - John 1:43. In Matthew 9:9, we have the account of his calling Matthew. Here we have the word kaleo translated call, from which the compound ekklesia is formed.
So Jesus continued until the twelve were called, whose names were as follows: Simon, surnamed Peter, and James, the son of Zebedee, and John, the brother of James, whom he surnamed Boanerges, which is the Son of Thunder, and Andrew and Philip and Bartholomew and Matthew and Thomas and James, the son of AIpheus, and Thaddeus and Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. - Mark 3:13-18.
Having given a brief account of the calling of the disciples, it is proper to inquire from what class of persons Jesus selected them, as the word signifies that they were called out from other individuals. Nothing would be more absurd than to suppose that John would be sent to prepare a people to receive Jesus, and that having prepared a vast number for accepting him, the Son of God would select his disciples from among those who had rejected the teachings of John. If he selected his disciples from among those who accepted John's teachings, and he evidently did, then he selected such as had been baptized at the hands of John. Luke expressly declares that "all the people that heard him, and the publicans, justified God, being baptized with the baptism of John, but the Pharisees and the lawyers rejected the counsel of God against themselves, being not baptized of him." - Luke 7:29,30. "And when it was day he called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom he also named apostles." - Luke 6:13.
It must be remembered that all whom John baptized were the disciples of Jesus, for John made no disciples unto himself. It is certainly plain, to any thinking mind, that Jesus selected disciples, or called them out from among the numbers who were baptized by John, and who had been prepared to receive him. It has been denied that the twelve were baptized, but the conclusion from the above evidence that they had been baptized by John, is irresistable.
There can be no doubt that these twelve disciples were Christ's ekklesia, or church, because (1) he called them; (2) he called them out from the rest of the disciples; (3) they were convened together from time to time and associated together continually. They were, therefore, in the fullest sense of the word, an ekklesia, and therefore constituted Christ's church. Throughout the entire New Testament the word church is used in this sense, always a body of baptized believers, called out and convened together.
The first recorded meeting of the first church is given in the fifth chapter of Matthew, when the Saviour preached unto them that ever memorable sermon "on the mount." This was unquestionably a church meeting, for it was a meeting of the church, "apart from the multitude." "And seeing the multitude he went up into a mountain, and when he was set his disciples came unto him, and he opened his mouth and taught them."
There may have been others present besides the twelve, but the presence of others of his followers would have made it none the less a meeting of the church, for we are told that "his disciples came unto him and he taught them." From this time they journeyed with Jesus almost continually, while he prepared them for the great work which was so soon to be committed into their hands.
Note. * This word church had been in general use so long that King James required that it should be kept, or retained, when the translation was made under his authority. The same rule applied to the word baptidso, and hence it is not translated, but anglicized [baptize].============ [From J. A. Shackelford, Compendium of Baptist History, 1892, reprint, pp. 23-29. Scanned and formatted by Jim Duvall.]
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