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The Nature and Importance of Family and Closet Religion,
Considered in a Circular Letter from the Baptist Ministers
and Messengers, Assembled at Leicester, May 29, 30 and 31, 1787.
      Maintaining the important Doctrines of three equal Perfons in the Godhead; eternal and perfonal Election; original Sin; particular Redemption; free Juistification by the imputed Righteoufnefs of Chrift; efficacious Grace in Regeneration; the final Perfeverance of the Saints; and the Independency, or congregational Order of the Churches of Chrift inviolably.
By Robert Hall
      To the feveral Churches they reprefent, or have received Letters from, meeting at Codnor, Sutton-Afhfield, Nottingham, Sheepfhead, Leicefter, Sutton-in-the-Elms, Arnfby, Clipftone, Oakham, Gretton, Spalding, Soham, Kettering, Waldgrave, Moulton, Guilfborough, Northampton, Road, Carlton, Olney, Thorn, and St. Alban's.
      Grace be unto you, and Peace from God our Father, and from the Lord Jefus Chrift.
      Dear Brethren!
      WITH gratitude to our indulgent God, we inform you of our being favoured with another annual interview, and with fuch gracious tokens of his prefence as have rendered the feafon in fome degree pleafing and profitable. The letters from the churches were attended to with fuch fenfations as the different fubjects were calculated to promote. While we mourn over the moral defects particularly in fome, we are very thankful that encouraging accounts were tranfmitted to us from moft of the churches. The means of grace are in general well attended, and in various places evidently bleffed. Several churches which were destitute, are now happily provided with minifters and paftors. The bleffing of peace is enjoyed in our refpective congregations as extenfively as we ever remember it to have been. And in the doorines of rich grace and the intereft of true holinefs, there appears a general and cordial union.
      For the beftowment, continuance and increafe of fuch bleffings, we truft you will unite with us in prayer and praife. Confider, dear brethren, that genuine dependance on the Lord is infeparably connetted with a clofe confcientious attendance upon him. It is for the promoting of your faith and joy, which are fo intimately connected with a diligent waiting upon God, in all the means of his appointment, that we once more crave your moft ferious attention to our united epiftle.
      You have been addreffed for a feries of years with great plainnefs of fpeech, on many precious and important branches of religion. Thefe letters have been the refult of our joint concern to promote in you an
p. 2
univerfal conformity to the whole will of God; and knowing the tendency of divine truth in the hands of the Holy Spirit to produce fuch conformity, we have attempted in our annual letters to illuftrate, confirm and improve, feveral of the facred truths of the gofpel. In purfuance of the fame end, we shall this year lay before you the nature and importance of family and clofet religion. Laft year we addreffed you upon the authority and fanctification of the Lord's day, which related chiefly to public worfhip; this year we would turn your attention to that which is more private, but of equal importance.
      Religion ought to be the main bufinefs of our lives; and religion in the family and the clofet makes a confiderable part of the chriftian life. It is here, if any where, that the true chriftian will be diftinguifhed from others. While many content themfelves with fuch public exercifes as fall under the eye of the multitude, the language of his heart is, As for me, and my houfe, we will ferve the Lord.
      We are not without painful apprehenfions that thefe duties are not fo generally and uniformly regarded as they ought. Many wholly defpife and totally neglect them, as accounting them unfafhionable and puritanical; and others who more particularly profefs to be the followers of Chrift, though they may not lay them wholly afide, yet, we are afraid, give them but a very negligent and fuperficial attendance. Thefe things wear a melancholy afpect, and muft give pain to every pious heart. But, brethren, we hope better things of you, though we thus fpeak; yet with our hope you will allow us to exercife a godly jealoufy over you. To fay the leaft, you find your temptations, difficulties, and difcouragements in the exercife of thefe duties; a word of caution, direction and encouragement, therefore, cannot be unfeafonable.
      FAMILY RELIGION includes not merely a fingle act of devotion, but extends to the feveral duties which devolve upon us as the heads of fuch collective bodies. Its exercifes might perhaps be rendered more pleafureable and advantageous by confidering its different branches, and fo managing our affairs as to give each branch its proper place. Catechizing and privately inftructing at feafonable opportunities, we prefume, would be but fulfilling the truft we owe to our domeftics. Ignorance, prejudice and pride, are the attendants of human nature; all concur to render inftruction neceffary. Inform them of their condition as fallen creatures, the impoffibility of enjoying God in fuch circumfiances; with the neceffity of a divine change in heart and life; inftruct them alfo in the riches and freenefs of the grace of Chrift, and his fufficiency and fuitablenefs to perfons in their circumftances!
      Reading fome part of the holy fcriptures fhould likewife be an ordinary part of our family worfhip. We with you, brethren, not only to fearch the fcriptures daily for yourfelves, but to read them, or caufe them to be read in your families; and that conftantly and carefully. There is no inftruction like that which is derived from the word of God. It was of old enjoined Ifrael, faying, Ye fhall lay up thefe my words in your heart, and in your foul; - and ye fhall teach them your children, fpeaking of them when thou fitteft in thine houfe, and when thou walkeft by the way, when thou lieft down, and when thou rifeft up. It is recorded to the honour, it fhould feem, of Eunice the mother of Timothy, that from a child he had known the holy fcriptures.^*
      At proper feafons it might affift our devotion, and keep up a greater
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^* Deuteronomy xi, 18, 19. 2 Timothy iii, 15.
p. 3
variety in our worfhip, to fing a few verfes of a pfalm or hymn. Such a practice, where it may comport with family circuftances, and can be conducted with order and regularity, may be of an enlivening tendency; but where it is otherwife, it is better omitted, as it would add neither folemnity nor fweetnefs to our worlhip.^{+

At all events attend to family prayer; let not this he omitted on any
avoidable account whatever. Let it be regular and conftant; and this, we apprehend,
it cannot be, unlefs it be daily. Chrift taught his difciples to pray
for fpiritual bleffings as often as they prayed for their daily bread.^x
On many accounts it is fuitable to begin and end the day with prayer; in the morning
to acknowledge God's watchful care through the night, to intreat his
prefence and bleffing through the enfuing day; and at evening to adore
him for the bounties of the paft day, to bewail our imperfections, plead
his divine promifes, and commit all our concerns into his hands. Prayer
is the key, which in the morning opens to us the treafures of God's
mercy, and in the evening fhuts us up, as it were, under his protection and fafeguard.

It is difficult to give particular diretlions refpecting the moft proper
mode of conducting this fervice. Your circumftances and occupations are
fo various, that perhaps no determinate rule could be given to which all
families could accede. We can only fay, therefore, in general, brethren,
that fuch a feafon fhould be chofen as is leaft liable to interruption; and
when all, or moft of your domeftics can attend. Beware efpecially of
putting off the fervice too long, left the world engrofs thofe thoughts that
fhould be otherwife employed. If the mind is once keenly fet on worldly
concerns, it will exceedingly damp and deaden the heart to holy duties.
As earth caft upon the fire puts it out; fo the world, when it fpreads over
the affections, muft ftrangely damp that holy flame that fhould afcend up
to heaven in our facrifices. You know, brethren, it is not eafy to rife
under a heavy load; nor to fummon the foul in a moment from the world,
to attend upon God wirh becoming folemnity and fpirituality. God
requires, and is wortiy of the firft-fruits of our time, attention, and
affections. Never let us offer him the lame and the blind in our facrifices;
but go when we can wait upon him with moft freedom of fpirit.

At evening as well as morning prayer, late fervices fhould as much as
poffible be avoided. How unfit are we for the worfhip of God when our
animal frame is nearly exhaufted, and our fenfes in a fort locked up;
with what pleafure can we reflect upon thofe fervices in which the bodies
of at leaft fome in the family, even while proftrate before the Lord, have
been overcome with drowfinefs!

If you read a part of God's word, or fing, as well as pray in your
families, care fhould be taken that you do not run to an inconvenient
length. We apprehend that fome good people have protraCted their
prayers far beyond the bounds of prudence; as they not only weary and
difguft many of their domeftics, and fo render the fervice irkfome; but
likewife go beyond the fervour of their own affections. Hence it is that
a difagreeable languor, and unpleafing tautology are generally the
attendants of fuch fervices. We wifh you, brethren, to be more particular

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⁺ We would here recommend a Selection of Hymns lately publifhed by our brother
Rippon of London, which is not defigned to fet afide the Pfalms and Hymns of Dr.
Watts, which are fo generally ufed and fo juftly efteemed in our churches but to ferve
as an Appendix to them, on which account none of his pfalms and hymns are included
in this felection, but a great variety of the beft hymns from a number of either author,
with many originals never before publifhed.

x Matthew vi. 9-13.
p. 4

with refpect to the folemnity and fpirituality of your devotions, than the
length to which they fhall be extended. Confider yourfelves as prophets and priefts
in your refpective families: - As prophets, give them inftruction, rebuke, exhort, admonifh; be not
indifFerent to immoralities in fervants, for if let alone, they may bring
your children to ruin. Read the 101ft pfalm upon this fubject; it is an
exceilent pfalm upon family government. - As priefts, collect the offerings,
the guilt, the miferies, the neceffities of your families, and prefent them
before the Lord. When you approach the throne of grace, think with
holy Job, It may be, that my fons, or fervants have finned againft the
Lord - It may be fome of them never pray for themfelves. Make thofe
cafes your own which once were your own! While you have a God to
go to, fay with Samuel, God forbid that I fhould fin againft the Lord, in
ceafing to pray for you! - While you are thus prefenting the offerings of
your families, take ehcouragement from the many great and precious
promifes, the purport of all which, is, that God never faid to the feed of
Jacob, feek ye my face in vain. Keep your eye alfo upon the blood of
iprinkling; never forget your great high-prieft, through whofe inter
ceffion all your prayers are accepted, and all Jehovah's promifes fulfilled.
Confider yourfelves as prophets and priefts in your refpective families:
- As prophets, give them inftruction, rebuke, exhort, admonifh; be not
indifferent to immoralities in fervants, for if let alone, they may bring
your children to ruin. Read the 101ft pfalm upon this fubject; it is an
excellent pfalm upon family government. - As priefts, collect the offerings,
the guilt, the miferies, the neceffities of your families, and prefent them
before the Lord. When you approach the throne of grace, think with
holy Job, It may be, that my fons, or fervants have finned againft the
Lord - It may be fome of them never pray for themfelves. Make thofe
cafes your own which once were your own! While you have a God to
go to, fay with Samuel, God forbid tbat I fhould fin againft the Lord, in
ceafing to pray for you! - While you are thus prefenting the offerings of
your families, take ehcouragement from the many great and precious promifes,
the purport of all which, is, that God never faid to the feed of
Jacob, feek ye my face in vain. Keep your eye alfo upon the blood of
fprinkling; never forget your great high-prieft, through whofe interceffion
all your prayers are accepted, and all Jehovah's promifes fulfilled.

While we recommend a diligent, regular, and conftant attention to the
religion of the family, we wifh you, brethren, not to forget that of the
CLOSET. By clofet religion is intended thofe tranfactions which take
place between God and our own fouls in private. To this exercife our
Lord counfels his difciples, faying, Enter thy clofet, and when thou haft
fhut thy door, pray to thy Father who is in fecret, and thy Father who feeth
in fecret fhall reward thee openly.^* If this is neglected, our fouls can never
profper; and furely we would not wifh to watch over our families, as over
the vineyard of others, and at the fame time neglect our own.

The great end of clofet devotion is the exercife of grace in one's own
foul, to which end it feems better adapted than the more public devotions
of the family. There we are under a kind of neceffity to feek out acceptable
words, and to exercile our gifts, feeing what is done is not only for
our own profit, but as well for the edification of others; but here we may
exprefs our defires even in groans which cannot be uttered. Provided that
our fpirits are but reverent, it matters not though the connexicn of words
be broken and incoherent. Yes, here we may pray, and paufe, reflect and
pray again. There are various perfonal concerns which we cannot exprefs
with freedom before any creature; bitterneffes which our own hearts
only know, and must know; but here we may pour out our whole foul!
We may confefs our brutifh ignorance, without fear of being upbraided;
bewail our moft fecret fins without danger of being expofed; in a word,
we may carry our burdens, whatever they be, and caft them upon the
Lord, and find reft to our fouls.

Let us, in the next place, point out to you, dear brethren, the importance
of the duties, the nature and manner of conducting which we have
attempted to explain. Family religion is both ancient and honourable;
and is a dury incumbent upon all heads of families, (except fuch as labour
under natural inability) and that from the very nature of things. We
might challenge the moft irreverent and fneering deift to prove any thing
irrational or unworthy of a man in any of thefe facred devotions. Yea,
he muft not only take leave of chriftianity, but of rationality and common
fenfe ere he can vindicate himfelf in the neglect of them. He may affect

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^* Matthew vi. 6.
p. 5

to laugh at fuch exercifes as the attendants of fanaticifm, the effects of fuperftious
zeal, or low prejudices, or as making an oftentatious and needlefs
parade; but all this is againft his own confcience, and merely for the purpofe
of keeping himfelf in countenance in iniquity. Let him only put off
the buffoon and affume the man, and one might afk him a few fuch queftions
as the following; - What can be more becoming a dependent slate than
to pay our united homage to the author of our being, and the fupreme
governor of the world? Can any thing more fignificantly befpeak an
ingenuous temper, or adminifter a greater fatisfaction to our moft refined
feelings, than the exercifes of penitential devotion? Can there be a more
fublime pleafure, or a more advantageous employ, than to contemplate the
fource of all excellencies, and unbofom our fouls before him who feels
for us, and fays, Caft thy burden upon me? Are no acknowledgements due
to the divine Being from us as creatures? Have we no farther need of his
protecting care; no more occafion for the bleffings of his goodnefs?

Perfons of the above defcription, whenever they think proper to introduce
the divine Being into their difcourfe, love to fpeak of him merely as
the Father of his creatures. We might afk then, is it unworthy of the
character of children to prefent themfelves before a parent, to exprefs their
wants and commit themfelves to his protection? yea, and if they have
offended him, is it a mean thing to acknowledge that offence, and implore
forgivenefs? rather, is it not a mean thing, and the mark of a vagabond
fpirit, when we have offended God, to fly from him, and try to forget
our wretchednefs by wallowing in the mire of fenfual and fordid gratdications?
King David, upon his dying bed, gave this charge to his fon Solomon, I go the
way of all the earth; - SHEW THYSELF A MAN; -
keep the charge of the Lord thy God, to walk in his ways, to keep his ftatutes
and his commandments!^*


That avowed libertines fhould neglect thefe duties, however, is no
wonder; communion with God would not fuit or confilt with their courfe
of life; but that any who profefs to fear God, and to expect falvation by
the Lord Jefus Chrift, fhould live in fuch neglect, is ftrange indeed. It
feems there have been characters in the world who have made great profeffion
of religion, have given conftant attendance at the public worfhip
of God, and have appeared co entertain no doubts whatever of the fafety
of their own ftate, who neverthelefs have lived in the habitual omiffion of
thefe duties; and that under a pretence that they lead to pharifaical pride.
We hope, dear brethren, that fuch notions and fuch practices are far from
you! It muft be very difficult to account for fuch perfons being full of
love to God, and yet to have none for the fouls of their children and dependants;
or for their great regard to the gofpel while they are enemiew
to the law, which enjoins us to love our neighbour as ourfelves. Befides,
who moft refembles the proud pharifee; he whofe religion is merely in
public, where he is feen of men, or he who carries his religion home to his
family, and his clofet? characlters of the above defcription are not fo much
to be reafoned with, as rebuked and fhunned, that they may be afhamed.


The importance of family and fecret religion appears in various points
of light; as it refers to God, ourfelves or others. As it refers to God, if
ever we glorify his name to any purpofe, it muft be in domeftic life.
Spectators will judge of our religion, not fo much by what we fay abroad
as by what we do at home. Even our public conduct will have but little
tendency to glorify God, if contradicted by private irregularity. Wife

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* I Kings ii. 2, 3.
6

men generally make this obfervation, If you would know a man's true character,
fay they, fee what he is in fecret, in domeftic life, when the eye of the world
is not upon him.

Farther, its importance appears as it refers to ourfelves. There is not
only a clofe connexion between one duty and another, but as well between
one bleffing and another. The public worfhip of God can never be properly
enjoyed as a privilege, any more than performed as a duty, but in
conjunction with family religion; and family religion can never be carried
on to any good purpofe, without a clofe walking with God in private.
The exercifes of the clofet, in a particular manner, are fubfervient to our
fouls profperity. It is here, if at all, that we carry on a kind of commerce
with heaven; that we deal with Chrift for gold tried in the fire, that we may
be rich, for white raiment that we may be cloathed, and for eye-falve that
we may free. If this commerce fail, we fhall indeed be poor, and wretched,
and miferable, and blind, and naked!^* It was before obferved, that there
are a variety of perfonal concerns which we cannot exprefs before any
creature; if then we omit clofet exercifes, thofe concerns muft, of courfe,
come to an ill iffue. If, for inftance, we have contracted guilt in our
confciences, this will wear out of mind by degrees, inftead of being lamented
before God, and brought to the Saviour's crofs; and if fo, the
matter is not yet done with; God has yet a controverfy with us: - Or if
any particular troubie lies upon us, it will wear off in time; but it will
leave us worfe than it found us. Troubles are fitly called temptations,
they tend to difcover either our graces or corruptions; but we have no
reafon to expect a difcovery of the former, except, like Hezekiah, we
fpread them before the Lord.

As the religion of the clofet profits our fouls, and fits us for the duties
of the family, fo that of the family fits us for the more pnblic worfhip of
God in the church. The one is a fort of preparative for the other. It is
that to our fpirits which rain is to the ground for the reception of the feed.
The repetition of it alfo, on our return, tends to preferve a favor in our
fpirits of what we have been hearing. It is thus, that, as the good ground,
we receive the feed of the word, and bring forth fruit with patience.

Farther, The duties of which we have been fpeaking affect not only
ourfelves, but others. Family religion is, generally fpeaking, a bleffing
to thofe who are inftructed by it, and to fociety at large. Children are
hereby taught to reverence religion; and being taught the good and the
right way, are not fo readily drawn afide into pernicious errors, and cannot,
at to eafy a rate, indulge themfelves in grofs immoralities. Thefe, to
fay the leaft, are the effects of a godly education. On thefe accounts, the
community at large have a claim upon parents. A family is the firft fociety,
and a feminary to all the reft. The whole commonwealth is made
up of fingle perfons in divers relations. Towns, congregations, cities and
countries, are all made up out of feveral families. To principle and inftruct
them, therefore, is the way to make good magiftrates, good fubjects,
good hufbands, good wives, good mafters, good fervants, and good neighbours.
Loyalty to our king, and love to our country, cannot be better
manifefted than by a clofe attention to family government. On this
ground, and nothing fhort of it, we may hope for their future refpectability.

But we need not bound our expectations here; how many thoufands
have received impreffions from their education which have never left them
till they have iffued in real converfion. Let us aim not merely at their
civilization, but at their falvation.

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* Revelation iii. 17, 18.
7

continue in a long fucceffion in families; and it is a Well-known fact, that
religious families are nurferies for the church. Though no one is born
again of blood, any more than of the will of man; and though the children
of the godly are intitled to no peculiar privilege that we know of on
account of their defcent; yet they enjoy a religious education: and why
may we not fuppofe that the number of the truly godly from fuch families,
exceeding thofe of others, is owing to the bleffing with which God is
pleafed to crown the prayers and inftructions of the parents? It is thus
that we account for a fact very nearly refembling it. We ufually fee in
thofe towns and villages where the means of grace are fupported, many
more fouls converted to God, than in thofe where it is otherwife; but do
we thence conclude that thofe favoured places muft be intitled to fome
peculiar privileges? rather, do we not impute it to God's gracioufly bleffing
the means of his own appointment? If God puts more honour upon one
family than others, it is ufually, though not always, upon fuch who are
moft eminent in thefe duties. Of Abraham, who was fo peculiarly favoured,
and of whom fo much is faid in refpect of his defcendants, it is
witneffed, I know him that be will command his children, and his houfehold
after him, and they fhall keep the way of the Lord.^*

Though public worfhip fhould be at all events attended to; yet during
the tender age of childhood, perhaps it is not fo much from public as
from private inftruction that we are to hope for our children's converfion.
The public miniftry of the word is feldom at that period of life fo adapted
to their capacities as inftructions which are given them on purpofe.- Or,
fuppofe the inftructions, warnings, and counfels of the pulpit, fhould be
of ufe to them, ftill they need to be feconded by others in private. Let
uS intreat you, brethren, as you value the true intereft of the deareft
parts of yourfelves, help us in this good work! When death makes
breaches in the churches, to your families we look, in hope of feeing the
vacancies fupplied! Permit us to repeat the thought, confider your
families as the churches nurferies; and fee that the young plantations are
not neglected!

Only view your labours as fucceeded of God for good; think what joy
it muft afford to have children and fervants born again in your houfe!
With what fatisfaction will you leave the world, when you can leave
behind you fucceffors that know and fear the Lord; fucceffors, who like
Solomon to David, fhall enter into your defigns, follow your good
example, and perhaps far exceed you in piety and ufefulnefs!

Finally, brethren, hearken to the voice of God! Pray without ceafing -
praying always, with ALL PRAYER - Train up a child in the way that
he fhould go, and when he is old he will not depart from it - Bring up your
children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord - I wil1 pour out my wrath
upon the heathen, upon the families that call not upon my name - Bleffed is
every one that feareth the Lord; that walketh in his ways. For thou fhalt
eat the labour of thine hands; happy fhalt thou be, and it fhall be well with
thee. Thy wife fhall be a fruitful vine by the fides of thine houfe; thy
children like olive plants round about thy table. Behold thus fhall the man
be bleffed that feareth the Lord. The Lord fhall blefs thee out of Zion, and
thou fhalt fee the good of Jerufalem all the days of thy life. Yea thou fhalt
fee thy children's children, and peace upon Ifrael!

Dearly beloved brethren, farewell. The God of love and peace be with you.

Signed in behalf of the affociation, by ROBERT HALL, Moderator.

--------------------

* Genesis xviii. 19.
8

BREVIATES.

Tuelday evening we met at the ufual hour. Brother Hall, of Arnfby.
was chofen moderator. After tinging and prayer, the letters from the
churches were read, minutes taken of their contents, and the opportunity
concluded in prayer.

Wednefday morning, between fix and feven, met for prayer - About ten
the public meeting began, with finging and prayer as ufual; after which
a fhort account was given of the nature and defign of the affociation -
Brother Mills, of Sheepfhead, then preached from 2 Thef iii. 5. And the
Lord direct your hearts into the love of God, and into the patient waiting for
Chrift. Brother Fletcher prayed, and brother Gill, of St. Alban's, preached
from 2 Tim. ii. 19. Neverthelefs, the fouudation of God ftandeth fure, having
this feal, the Lord knoweth them that are his: and let every one that nameth the
name of Chrift, depart from iniquity . Brother Sutcliff, of Olney, concluded
in p1ayer. - At fix in the evening met again. Brother Fawkner, of Thorn,
prayed, and brother Ryland, jun. preached from Gal. iii. 21. Is the law then
againft the promife of God? God forbid. For if there had been a law given
which could have given life, verily righteoufnefs fhould have been by the law.
Brother Spencer concluded in prayer.

Thurfday morning we met again for prayer, and communicating our
experience as minifters, fettling the bufinefs of the affociation fund, with
fome other things. The fubftance of the letter, drawn up by brother
Hopper, was prefented, and ordered to be printed. About Twelve the
affociation was concluded in prayer by the moderator.

State of the churches fince the laft affociation.
(Upon a profeffion of faith - - 79
Added (By letters of recommendation - 18
(Reftored after exclufion - - 2 -
Total 99

(By exclufion - - 35
Diminifhed (By death - - 5
(By difmiffion to other churches * - 19
Total 55

Increafe 44

* Of thefe, ten were embedied at Gretton, and are all included in the
former article of "Added by letter, &c."

Letters were received from the church at Moulton, and Gretton, in
Northamptonfhire, and Thorn, in Bedfordfhire, requefting admiffion into
the affociation, which was cheerfully granted.

Agreed, 1. That the thanks of this affociation be given to the Rev. Dr.
Stenner, for his judicious fermons on the parable of the fower.

2. That as we are informed of an intended application to parliament for
an abolition of the flave trade, we will ufe all lawful means for the
promoting of fo juft and humane a defign.

3. That our brother Ryland, jun. be requefted to print his fermon
delivered on Wednefday evening.

4. That the monthly prayer-meetings, for the revival of religion, be
continued.

The next affociation to be at Kettering, on Wednefday, May 28th, 1788,
being a fortnight after Whitfuntide. Brother Ryland and brother Sutcliff
to preach; in cafe of failure, brother Hall. - Put up at the White-Hart.

FINIS.

[From The Southern Baptist Seminary Archives, Adam Winters, Archivist. Scanned and formatted
by Jim Duvall.

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